Stephanie Galvan Borjas 16/09/10
Pbl 1. Sickle Cells Disease http://sgb190294.blogspot.com/
The Sickle Cells disease is study by biology. Biology studies the living things. This includes a lot of things but in this case with the disease biology studies the cellular bases of humans (how do they work, their function, how affects the organism to have cells with problems), the genetic bases of humans (how a genetic disease affects all the family, the carriers of the disease, genetic mutations) and the evolution of the disease through the years. As we know biology requires the support of others sciences to study every kind of diseases, with the Sickle Cells disease need the help of this sciences: chemistry (study the molecules, compounds and elements that are affecting the organism with the disease), mathematics (study the statistics of the people who are infected with the sickle cells disease and the count of how many members of the family have or carrier the disease), computer sciences (Helps to make models of how the disease affects all the human body but specially to show how the red cells are been affected) and ethics (Helps to think of the actions that you are going to make depending on your moral). The branches of biology that study the sickle cells disease are: Biochemistry (Study the chemicals of the human body that are affected by the disease), biophysics (Study the process of how oxygen circulates through the blood and red cells with the sickle cells disease), genetics (Study the heredity transmission of the disease), cytology (study the structure and functions of the cells that are been affected), anatomy (study the physical structure internal and external of a normal human without the disease and with a human who have or carrier the disease), physiology (study the circulatory system of the person with the disease), embryology (study the embryo which his parents have or carrier the disease) and evolution (the changes that the disease has through the years).
The levels which are been affected with sickle cells disease are: molecule because the disease affects the hemoglobin molecule with problems to pass the oxygen through the red cells, cells the hemoglobin molecule changes to a solid structure the red blood cells, system because the circulatory system change a consequence that the blood doesn’t pass normally and the organism because the circulation of the blood affects all the organism. Also the sickle cells disease affects the macromolecules. The macromolecules that are affected are: Monosaccharide: Deoxyribose because is the main component of the DNA and the sickle cells disease is a mutation of the DNA.
The function of hemoglobin as a protein is the transportation because the transport proteins are proteins that move molecules from one plane though other and hemoglobin carries the oxygen throughout the body. The hemoglobin protein has four levels of structure which are: primary level, secondary (α-helix) level, tertiary (globular) level and fourth level (four polypeptide chains). The sickle cell disease affected the primary level because there is a difference of one amino acid in the sequences of the hemoglobin; therefore all the structure is changed. The change of the structure causes the cells to form a rigid, sticky and sickle shape. The red blood cells die prematurely so the persons with this disease have fewer red blood cells than the normal people.
The preventing methods that are being using someone who is from a religion who prohibit to see a doctor can’t knows if he has or carrier the disease or if his couple has the disease or both has the disease. This is something that only could be solving if someone changes their mind which is almost impossible. The other method which is making a healthy baby by a genetic doctor who can manipulated the DNA is a solution to parents who have the sickle cells disease some couples approve it and some couples not approve because they think that is not a real baby. Everything depends on what are your thoughts, believes, culture, religion and what you think it’s good or bad.
References
Oñate Ocaña L (2010) Biología 1. CENGAGE LEARNING; pages: 11-15.
Velazquez M (2009) Biología 1. ST Editorial; pages: 15-22.
Velázquez M (2009) Biomoléculas Orgánicas. Biología 1. ST Editorial; pages: 50-56.
http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries
Evolution Berkeley.edu (2010) Sickle cells anemia- A case study. URL: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/IIIC2aCasestudy.shtml; Last updated: unknown, Last accessed: 06/09/2010
NHS Choices (2010) Sickle cells disease. URL: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Sickle-cell-anaemia/Pages/Introduction.aspx; Last updated: 19/02/2010; Last accessed: 07/09/2010
